Saurin saka abin rufe fuska na tsawon lokaci, ko don aikin kiwon lafiya, tafiye-tafiye na jama'a, ko kuma kariya daga rashin lafiyar yanayiya haifar da rashin jin daɗi mai yiwuwa. Kalmar "ƙarafin abin rufe fuska" ta ƙunshi haushi na jiki: raunuka na matsin lamba a gadar hanci, cututtukan fata a kan wuyan, ƙonewar taɓawa a bayan kunnuwa, da kuma ɓarkewar kuraje, wanda galibi ana kiransa "maskne". Waɗannan matsalolin suna tasowa daga dogon matsa lamba, babban danshi, da maimaitawa na fata. Ta hanyar haɗa kayan shafawa na dabaru, liners masu ɗaukar nauyi, ko goyon bayan ergonomic, mai sakawa zai iya cimma ingantaccen ci gaba a cikin kwanciyar hankali ba tare da yin watsi da kariya ta hatimi. Wannan jagorar ta ƙunshi ilimin kayan masks, hanyoyin aiwatar da abin rufe fuska mataki-mataki, da kuma la'akari da aminci da ake buƙata don dacewa, amfani da shi.

Kimiyya na Fuskantar Rashin Jin Daɗi

A cikin yanayin da ake ciki, ana iya samun iska mai yawa a cikin fuska, wanda ke haifar da yanayin da ya fi dacewa da yanayin da ke cikin fuska. Ana iya samun iska mai yawa a cikin fuska.

Matsalar tuntuɓar gada ta hanci daga daidaitaccen N95 ko masks na tiyata na iya wuce 60 mmHgwell sama da matsin rufewar capillary na kimanin 30 mmHg. Wannan yana hana microcirculation, yana haifar da ciwo da, a kan maimaita amfani, yiwuwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Binciken 2020 a cikin Jaridar American Academy of Dermatology ya rubuta cewa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun ba da rahoton kashi 97 cikin ɗari na mummunan halayen fata tare da dogon amfani da N95.

Kayan da Za a Yi amfani da Su don Yin Waya da kuma Yanayin Waya

Zaɓin kayan da suka dace don takamaiman matsalar kwanciyar hankali yana da mahimmanci. Kayan da ya dace ya haɗa da numfashi mai ƙarfi (ƙarancin saurin matsa lamba), ƙarancin ma'auni na tsatsa, ingantaccen sarrafa danshi, da kuma kayan hypoallergenic.

Kayan kwalliya na silicone

Silicone gel pads (wanda aka saba amfani dashi don maganin rauni, kamar ScarAway ko Mepiform) suna da ƙarancin ma'auni na tsatsa, yawanci a kusa da 0.01. Wannan ya sa su dace don kare gada ta hanci da ƙashin wuyan daga ƙarfin yankan. Silicone ba shi da ƙarancin, ma'ana ba ya ɗaukar kwayoyin cuta, kodayake ba shi da numfashi. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan madauri (12 cm a fadin) kawai a wuraren da ke da babban matsin lamba.

Kayan ado na Hydrocolloid

An tsara suturar hydrocolloid (alama kamar DuoDERM ko Compeed) don shawo kan fitar da ruwa daga raunuka yayin samar da ƙananan gogewa, gel-kamar farfajiyar. Suna da kyau sosai don amfani akan lalacewar fata ko "mask" masu aiki. suturar ta kumbura yayin da take shaƙewa zafi, samar da ƙarin matsi. Duk da haka, hydrocolloids suna da amfani guda ɗaya kawai, kuma saboda suna haifar da hatimin riƙe zafi, bai kamata a yi amfani da su azaman cikakken murfin fuska ba, saboda wannan na iya kama zafi da lalata hatimin mask.

Fashin polyurethane (Fashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya)

Fashin polyurethane na likita, wanda galibi ake amfani dashi a cikin daidaitaccen cikawa na masu numfashi na N95, yana ba da kyakkyawan matsi saboda tsarin sel ɗin da yake buɗewa. Yana da numfashi sosai kuma yana iya sha sau goma nauyinsa a cikin danshi. Bambancin "ƙwanƙwasa ƙwaƙwalwa" (ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa) ya dace da ƙirar fuskar mutum, yana rarraba matsin lamba daidai. Wannan kayan yana da sauƙi kuma yana da ɗan dawwama. Ana iya yanke shi da ƙusa don ƙirƙirar ƙusa na ƙofar hanci na musamman ko ƙusa na ganima. Tabbatar da cewa kowane ƙwanƙwasa mai maye gurbin an lakafta shi azaman hypoallergenic da kuma ba tare da latex ba don kauce wa cututtukan fata.

Baƙin Batiste da Flannel

Fiber na halitta ya kasance babban zaɓi don layin cikakken abin rufe fuska. Cotton batiste wani haske ne, kayan lalacewa mai sauƙi tare da ƙididdigar zaren da ke da yawa don toshe wasu ƙwayoyin yayin da yake kasancewa mai numfashi sosai. Flanel na auduga yana ba da ɗan ƙarin matsi da ɗaukar danshi saboda farfajiyar da aka goge. Cotton yana da halayyar ruwa, wanda ke nufin yana ɗaukar gumi kuma yana kiyaye fata bushe, amma dole ne a wanke shi akai-akai don hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Matsakaicin ma'aunin tsattsauran ƙasa na 0.2 ya sa auduga zaɓi mai matsakaici-ƙananan tsattsauran ƙasa, yana rage raguwar fata sosai idan aka kwatanta da kayan masarar polypropylene raw.

Silk (Mulberry ko Habotai)

Silk yana da kyau sosai, yana da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na kowane zaren yadi. Silk kuma yana da ƙwayoyin cuta na kwayoyin cuta da hypoallergenic, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan zaɓi ga mutane masu fata mai mahimmanci ko rashin lafiyar ƙura. Layer silk mai laushi (kamar sutura mai yankewa ko safa) da aka sanya a cikin abin rufe fuska yana samar da shinge wanda ke rage tsagewa sosai. Silk ba shi da ɗaukar ruwa fiye da auduga, don haka ba ya zama mai ruwa da sauri, kodayake yana iya zama mai zamewa idan ya cika da gumi. Yana haɗuwa da kyau tare da wani ɓangaren ɗaukar ruwa na biyu.

Kayan woven na roba (Polyester / Spandex)

Ana samun waɗannan masana'antun hydrophobic a cikin tufafin wasanni (misali, Coolmax), an tsara su don cire danshi da sauri daga fata kuma su canja shi zuwa ɓangaren waje na mask inda zai iya ɓarna. Suna ba da kyakkyawar numfashi kuma suna da sauƙi sosai. Duk da haka, wasu mutane na iya samun ƙarancin kayan roba na roba ba su da kyau a kan fata mai mahimmanci. Polyester da spandex suma suna da ƙarancin haɗari da zafi idan aka kwatanta da auduga ko siliki, don haka sun fi dacewa da yanayin da ke kula da gumi shine babban damuwa game da haɓakar zafi.

Jagoran Ayyuka a Mataki

Hanyar amfani tana da mahimmanci kamar kayan kanta. Rashin amfani da kayan shafawa zai iya haifar da gibin, rage ingancin abin rufe fuska. A ƙasa akwai hanyoyin musamman don yankunan fuska da nau'ikan abin rufe fuska.

Inganta Bridge na Nose (Don N95 da Masks na Surgery)

Ƙofar hanci ita ce yankin da aka fi ambata da yawa.

  1. Tsabtace yankin: Wanke gadar hanci da tsabtace mai laushi kuma ya bushe gaba ɗaya.
  2. Zaɓi pad ɗinku: Yi amfani da gashin gel na silicone da aka riga aka yanke ko yanke madaidaiciyar murabba'i 2 cm x 1 cm daga madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar mada
  3. Matsayi: FLT:1 Saka kayan kwalliya kai tsaye a kan layin kumfa na ciki na mask a inda mask din ya tuntubi ɓangaren hanci. Kada ka sanya shi a ƙarƙashin hancin hanci, saboda wannan na iya tsoma baki da numfashi.
  4. Kare pad: Wasu pads suna da manne da kansu. Idan ba haka ba, yi amfani da ƙaramin tef na likita (misali, 3M Micropore) don kulle pad ɗin zuwa abin rufe fuska.
  5. FLT:0]]Gano hatimi: Saka mask kuma kayi binciken hatimi na mai amfani. Rufe mask da hannayenka kuma numfasa cikin ƙarfi. Idan iska ta ɓace a kusa da hanci, pad ɗin ya yi kauri ko ba daidai ba. Rage pad ɗin ko sake sanya shi.

Ƙara Liner na Fusa na Fusa (Don Masks na Tufa)

Wani labule mai cike da fuska yana kare dukan ƙananan fuska daga rigakafi da danshi.

  1. Create Create a pattern:Leave the mask flat. Track da ciki siffar a kan wani yanki na takarda, ƙara 0.5 cm seam allowance.
  2. Yanke kayan: Yanke siffar daga wani dan kadan mai laushi mai laushi ko masana'anta na siliki.
  3. A cikin wani lokaci, kawai saka shi a cikin abin rufe fuska kafin saka shi. maye gurbin shi kullum. Don bayani na dindindin, saka abin rufe fuska a cikin yankin ciki.
  4. guje wa matattarar toshewa: Idan masks ɗin yana da aljihun matattarar da aka ƙayyade, tabbatar da cewa liner ba ya hana iska shiga ko fita daga aljihun.
  5. Binciken numfashi: FLT:1 Yi amfani da abin rufe fuska na minti daya yayin numfashi mai zurfi. Idan kuna jin juriya ko warwatsewa, masana'antar liner tana da yawa. Zaɓi kayan da suka fi siriri.

Ƙara Jin Daɗi a Ƙarfin kunne (Ƙarin Ƙarfin kunne)

Matsi a baya kunnuwan daga madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya shine babban dalilin gajiya da mask.

  • Manyan Hannun: Yanke ƙananan layin auduga ko auduga mai laushi kuma saka su cikin bututu waɗanda ke zamewa a kan madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar mada
  • Silicone Ear Protectors: Ƙananan kayan silicone tare da hooks (sau da yawa ana sayar da su azaman "mai ceton kunnuwa") suna haɗe da madaurin mask kuma suna hutawa a bayan kai, suna cire matsin lamba daga kunnuwan gaba ɗaya.
  • FLT:0 DIY Button Extenders: Sew buttons a kan wani m headband. Hook da mask madaukai a kan buttons maimakon kunnuwa. Wannan hanya samar da wani customizable dace da kuma hana kowane kunne lamba.

Hanyar Ƙulla Ƙungiya (Don Masks na Aiki)

Wannan wata hanyar da CDC ta ba da shawarar ce da ke inganta dacewa sosai kuma ta rage buƙatar cikawa sosai. Yana aiki ta hanyar sanya abin rufe fuska a kan fuska, rage gibin da ke ba da damar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin

  • Kayan aiki: Kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan
  • Tuck: FLT:1 Fold kayan da suka fi dacewa a ƙarƙashin gefen masks, yadda ya kamata ƙirƙirar siffar uku-mataki wanda ke nesa da bakin da hanci.
  • Don cikakken hatimi, sanya ƙaramin tef na likita a kan gadar hanci, yana ratsa zaren hanci na ƙarfe. Wannan yana hana hazo da rage matsin lamba ta hanyar riƙe abin rufe fuska a wurin ba tare da buƙatar ƙara tsauraran madaukai ba.

Gwaje-gwaje na dacewa da Tabbatar da Ayyuka

Duk wani gyare-gyare ga abin rufe fuska yana da haɗarin rage ingancin tacewa. Bayan ya yi amfani da padding ko liner, mai sakawa dole ne ya yi gwajin dacewa don tabbatar da gyare-gyaren yana da lafiya.

Binciken ƙimar mai amfani na inganci (Don masu numfashi N95/KN95)

  1. FLT:0]] Tabbatar da matsa lamba mai kyau: Ka rufe gaban mai numfashi da hannunka biyu ba tare da ɓata matsayin ba. Ka numfasa a hankali. Idan iska ta ɓace a kusa da gada ta hanci ko gemu, hatimi ya lalace. Ka daidaita cushe ko madauri har sai an dakatar da ɓarkewar.
  2. A cikin wannan yanayin, za a iya amfani da abin rufe fuska don rufe fuskar iska.
  3. FLT:0]]Gwaji: Ka juya kanka daga gefe zuwa gefe kuma ka yi kuka sama da ƙasa.

Rashin numfashi da kuma Rashin Matsi

Ƙara yadudduka yana ƙara juriya ga iska, wanda aka sani da saurin matsa lamba. Maski wanda yake da wahalar numfashi zai sa mai saka shi ya janye maski daga fuska ba tare da sani ba, yana shawo kan manufarsa. Idan kun sami rashin numfashi, rashin hankali, ko kuma warwatsewa bayan ƙarawa, gyare-gyare yana da iyakancewa. Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya ta Aiki ta Kasa (NIOSH) tacewa dole ne ta sami matsakaicin saurin matsa lamba na 35 mm H2O, amma maski mai amfani mai dadi ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da yawa. Koyaushe fifita layin layin a kan mai kauri.

Tsarkakewa da Kulawa

Wani kayan da ba a tsabtace shi a kai a kai ba zai iya kai ga kamuwa da cuta.

  • FlT:0] Pads na Waya: FlT:1 Hydrocolloid da foam pads ya kamata a zubar da su bayan kwana ɗaya na amfani. Suna da porous kuma suna sha gumi, suna mai da su wuraren kiwo na kwayoyin a cikin dare.
  • FlT:0: Fataccen Gel Pads: FlT: 1 Za'a iya sake amfani da fataccen silicone na tsawon makonni idan aka tsabtace shi kowace rana. Wanke su da ruwa mai dumi da sabulu mai laushi, sannan ka bar su su bushe gaba ɗaya kafin adana su a cikin akwati mai rufi.
  • Lines na masana'anta (Cotton / Silk): FlT: 1]] Wanke bayan kowane amfani. Yi amfani da ruwa mai zafi da kuma wanke-wanke mara ƙanshi don kauce wa fushin fata. Lines bushe ko fadi bushe a kan kadan zafi.
  • Masks Shell: The waje mask kanta ya kamata a wanke ko sanitized bisa ga kayan kula umarnin. Idan your liner samun soaked ta, your mask ne mai yiwuwa rigar ma.

Kuskuren da Mutane Suka Yi Kuma Yadda Za Mu Guje Su

  • A kan N95 hatimi: Ƙara zane mai kauri tsakanin mai numfashi da fuskarka yana haifar da tashar kai tsaye don iska mara tacewa ta shiga. Yi amfani da kawai m, kayan da ke da manne a kan masu numfashi.
  • Kallon rashin lafiyar latex: Ka tabbata cewa duk tef, kumfa, da kayan kwalliya an lakafta su da "ba tare da latex ba".
  • Yin amfani da manne mai nauyi a saman abin rufe fuska: tef mai manne, manne mai kyau, ko tef mai ɗaukar kaya na iya lalata amincin tsarin abin rufe fuska kuma ya saki tururi mai guba idan an dumama.
  • Sanya padding a kan bakin / yankin numfashi: Padding ya kamata kawai ya rufe gada ta hanci, gumakan goshi, da hancimatakan matsa lamba.

Tattalin Arziki da Ƙa'idoji na waje

Abubuwan da ke biyo baya sun ba da jagora mai kyau game da dacewa da abin rufe fuska, tacewa, da kuma aminci:

  • Jagorar CDC akan Inganta Mask Fit: [1] Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka suna ba da takamaiman umarni kan hanyar ƙulla da ƙulla da zaɓar masks tare da dacewa.
  • FLT:0 NIOSH Standards Respirator: Cibiyar Kasa ta Tsaro da Lafiya a Aikin ta Bayyana tsarin takaddun shaida don masu numfashi na N95 kuma ta ba da jerin samfuran da aka amince.
  • JARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARARAR
  • ASTM F3502 Standard:Standard na ASTM na duniya don murfin fuskar shinge yana ba da ƙididdigar gwajin kayan don ingancin tacewa da kuma numfashi. Koyi game da ASTM F3502.

Ƙarshen

Inganta mask tare da mashiga da aka zaɓa da kuma liners kai tsaye magance cututtukan jiki na gajiya mask. Ta hanyar haɗa gel na silicone mai rarraba matsa lamba, kayan haɗi masu laushi, da zaren halitta masu rage jujjuyawar, zaku iya kiyaye lalacewar lalacewa ba tare da sadaukar da numfashi ko aikin tacewa ba. Tushen kowane gyare-gyare mai nasara shine ƙuduri mai ƙarfi don gwada dacewa maski mai dadi wanda ke ɓoyewa yana ba da kariya kaɗan, yayin da maski da aka rufe da kyau tare da mai laushi mai kyau yana ba da tabbacin bin ƙa'idodin dogon lokaci. Tare da ilimin kayan da hanyoyin da aka bayar a nan, zaku iya tsara masks ɗin ku don biyan takamaiman buƙatun yanayin ku, tabbatar da daidaito, jin daɗi, da inganci na kariya a duk rana.